Rare airway tumor in a previously healthy adolescent successfully treated with endoscopic resection and oral propranolol.

Airway tumors are rare in children. Pyogenic granuloma (PG), also known as lobular capillary hemangioma, is a benign vascular tumor usually found on the skin or in the oral cavity. Rarely, these lesions occur in the airway and cause significant hemoptysis. Most reported airway PGs have occurred in the trachea of adults. Here, we present a case of an adolescent female who presented with hemoptysis and was found to have a PG in the right lower lobe. Per institutional guidelines, this case report was exempt from institutional review board approval.

Diode laser versus sclerotherapy: bloodless approaches in the treatment of oral pyogenic granuloma (randomised controlled clinical trial).

Oral pyogenic granuloma (PG) is traditionally treated by surgical excision which is associated with bleeding, pain and a high rate of recurrence. Our research aimed to clinically assess the effectiveness of diode laser versus sclerotherapy, as bloodless approach, in the treatment of oral PG. We randomly divided 20 patients with oral PG into two groups, with those in the test group being managed via diode laser application and those in the control group via injections of ethanolamine oleate as a sclerosing agent. All patients were evaluated intraoperatively for bleeding severity and postoperatively for pain. The quality of healing was also assessed using Landry healing index after the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks. Additionally, the patients were recalled after 3, 6 and 9 months from the end of treatment for recurrence evaluation. Our results revealed that intraoperative bleeding did not differ significantly between both groups while postoperative pain decreased significantly in the sclerotherapy group compared to the laser group. For different intervals, the sclerotherapy group had a higher healing quality index than the laser group, although the difference was not statistically significant. However, recurrence occurred in the laser group, there were no cases of recurrence in the sclerotherapy group in all intervals. In conclusion, diode laser treatment of PG is a reliable, less invasive, and sensitive procedure that requires an experienced operator and specialised equipment. However, ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy is an inexpensive, simple technique besides being less prone to recurrence problems, especially when treatment duration is not a concern.

Topical timolol in dermatology: infantile haemangiomas and beyond.

Timolol, a nonselective ß-adrenergic receptor blocker, is well-tolerated and is becoming increasingly popular in dermatology, especially in the management of infantile haemangioma (IH). Its effects are mainly due to vasoconstriction, inhibition of angiogenesis and keratinocyte migration promotion for re-epithelialization and wound healing. We review the evidence behind the use of timolol in several dermatological conditions including IH, pyogenic granulomas, Kaposi sarcoma, chronic wound healing, postsurgical wounds, acne vulgaris, rosacea, eczema and red scrotum syndrome.

Effectiveness and safety of 0.5% timolol solution in the treatment of pyogenic granuloma: A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study.

Introduction Pyogenic granulomas are benign vascular lesions of the skin and mucosa which are often a source of concern because of their recurrent bleeding even with minimal trauma. Current treatment for pyogenic granuloma is ablative; no medical therapy is standardized to date. Timolol, due to its vasoconstrictive effect, vascular growth factor inhibition and apoptosis promotion properties, is a potential therapeutic option. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of topical timolol in the treatment of pyogenic granulomas. Methods A two-centre, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial (Registration CTRI/2019/04/018581) was conducted. Patients of either sex were recruited with pyogenic granuloma lesions of less than eight weeks duration. Topical treatment with 0.5% timolol or matching glycerin placebo was continued for six weeks. Changes in color, size, bleeding tendency, physicians' and patients' global assessments and adverse events were assessed. Results Forty subjects were randomized between the two groups which were comparable in age, sex, duration of illness and baseline lesion size.Significant improvement was noted with timolol, with color change from first follow-up onwards and lesion size reduction from second follow-up onward. Patients' assessment of bleeding tendency also showed imrovement from the second visit onward. Between-group comparison showed significant difference with respect to percentage reduction in size (timolol 40.9%, placebo 3.4%; P = 0.002). Rescue treatment (electrosurgery) was required in five patients on placebo and in one in the timolol group (P = 0.182). Complete resolution occurred in 2 (10%) patients with timolol and in no patients on placebo (P = 0.231). Limitations: We observed effects of treatment for only six weeks. Conclusion Topical timolol may be a treatment option for early pyogenic granulomas but complete resolution is unlikely in six weeks. Studies of longer duration are required to assess resolution and recurrence rates.

Topical corticosteroids for noninvasive treatment of pyogenic granulomas.

Pyogenic granulomas are benign vascular proliferations of the skin and mucous membranes that tend to bleed easily. They typically require procedural treatments that can be difficult for patients with intellectual disabilities or behavioral concerns to tolerate. In our practice, we have found the use of topical clobetasol to be effective to induce regression of cutaneous pyogenic granulomas. We present here a case of an adolescent patient with autism and two bleeding pyogenic granulomas who poorly tolerated a biopsy of the first lesion and could not tolerate subsequent procedures. Topical therapy with clobetasol effectively managed the second pyogenic granuloma, an approach representative of a noninvasive practice utilized in our clinic.

Topical timolol 0.5% as the primary treatment of ophthalmic pyogenic granuloma: A prospective, single-arm study.

Purpose: To study topical timolol (0.5%) as a first-line treatment in ophthalmic pyogenic granuloma (PG) in terms of safety and efficacy. Methods: This was a prospective, interventional, single-arm study conducted at a tertiary eye care hospital in central India. Only new cases of PG were counseled to get enrolled in the study. A total of 40 patients were analyzed in the study. Topical timolol eye drop (0.5%) was started in each patient twice daily for 4-6 weeks duration. The patients were divided into five categories according to the percentage reduction in the size of PG as follows: i) 80-100% reduction - excellent responders, ii) 60-80% - good, iii) 40-60% - satisfactory, iv) 20-40% - poor, and v) <20% - very poor/nonresponder. After 6 months of starting treatment final evaluation was done. Results: The mean age of the patients was 23.5 ± 13.3 years. Etiology of the disease included chalazion (n = 11, 27.5%), trauma (n = 2, 5%), surgery (n = 7, 17.5%), foreign body (n = 2, 5%), and idiopathic (n = 18, 45%). An excellent response was achieved in 31 (77.5%) patients. Twenty-seven (67.5%) patients had complete resolution of lesions within 6 weeks. Recurrence of the lesion was not noticed in any patients. Conclusion: Timolol 0.5% in topical form is a good treatment option for ophthalmic PG in all age groups. The treatment has no adverse effects when given to suitable individuals for a limited period.

Topical ß-blockers for pyogenic granulomas: A promising option for younger patients.

BACKGROUND: Topical ß-blockers, propranolol, and timolol were used for pyogenic granuloma (PG) treatment; however, their efficacies and safety profiles were not compared. AIMS: The aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of propranolol 1% and timolol 0.5% creams in the treatment of pyogenic granulomas. PATIENTS: The study included 30 PG patients. They were divided into three groups (10 patients each). Group I patients received propranolol 1% cream. Group II patients used timolol 0.5% l cream. Group III patients used placebo cream. Creams were applied twice daily for 2 months. Patients were followed up for 3 months to detect any recurrence. RESULTS: Complete resolution was reported in 6 patients of groups I and II, while none of the control patients reported complete resolution. Despite the absent change in lesions' size in 40% of ß-blockers treated groups, they all reported decreased bleeding tendency. There was insignificant difference between the clinical responses between ß-blockers groups. No recurrence was reported in any of the patients who achieved complete resolution after 3 months of follow-up. Younger patients respond better to ß-blockers. Three patients were deteriorated on beta-blockers treatment. CONCLUSION: ß-blockers are a promising PG treatment option in cases where invasive modalities are not desirable especially in younger patients.

Topical timolol for the treatment of conjunctival pyogenic granulomas: Outcomes and effect on intraocular pressure.

PURPOSE: To report the clinical outcomes of 0.5% timolol maleate eye drops for the treatment of conjunctival pyogenic granuloma (PG) and its effect on intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: In this retrospective study, consecutive patients with conjunctival pyogenic granuloma between January 2019 and September 2019 were prescribed 0.5% timolol maleate eye drops twice a day and followed up for 8 weeks. IOPs were measured before treatment, while on treatment and 6 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: A total of 12 patients with conjunctival PGs were treated with 0.5% timolol maleate eye drops. Patients ranged from 7 to 72 years with a mean age of 31.1 years. Eleven (11/12; 91.6%) patients had complete resolution of pyogenic granulomas after a mean duration of treatment of 4.4 weeks (range: 3-6 weeks). One patient had a persistent PG, which showed sub-optimal resolution at 6 weeks of treatment and was surgically excised. The mean IOP of the affected eye at presentation was 15.1 mm Hg (range: 10 to 20 mm Hg; SD: ±2.9 mm Hg). One week after initiating therapy, the mean IOP was 12.1 mm Hg (range: 8-16 mm Hg; SD: ±2.4 mm Hg). The mean reduction IOP compared to the baseline IOP was statistically significant (p = 0.02). No adverse events were noted in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: Topical timolol is effective in the treatment of conjunctival pyogenic granulomas with no major side effects. There is a significant reduction in IOP while on treatment which is reversible and returns to baseline following completion of therapy.